Currently there are more than 600,000 acres in Wisconsin enrolled in the USDA’s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). The contracts for approximately 44% of these acres may expire in 2007 and 2008 (Farm Service Agency, 2006). The fate of these lands is uncertain, though a likely scenario, given current rising demand for corn, is that at least a portion will go into a corn-based row crop rotation. These CRP lands were removed from production because of their vulnerability to erosion. Soil and nutrient losses from CRP lands kept in perennial cover are extremely low. If these highly erodible lands go into corn production, will the increasing runoff sediment and nutrient loads lead to disastrous water quality declines? Are there ways to manage corn on former CRP lands that will keep the soil quality and conservation gains from the Conservation Reserve Program from being totally lost?