Weather and Insect Dispersal
2006
- Del Monte Foods, Inc .Rochelle, IL, Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL, Northern Illinois Univ., DeKalb, IL, and Univ. of Illinois-Chicago College of Medicine, Champaign, IL
Project Media
Agriculture in the vast majority of the United States has to manage around the winter weather. Winter synchronizes pest populations by creating a common starting point. Insect species unable to overwinter must rely on dispersal to reinfest northern areas or develop methods to exploit the overwintering area. The simple but useful formula: (Population = Birth – Death + /- Dispersal) is a tool to highlight the importance of dispersal. Pest populations are predictable due to the synchronization and common starting point of the crop and pest. Dispersal of adult stages is enhanced via high pressure cells that lift the insects upward and further enchased via wind activity of a surface low level jet stream is created at the boundary of a western counter –clock flow of a low and a clockwise air movement of a high to the east. The cumulative effect of the wind directions around each of these pressure cells creates a strong current northward. An average northward airflow of approximately 15 MPH within the pump can move a pest from northern Texas to central Iowa in 2 days. The Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) the fall armyworm, Trichoplusia ni (Huber) the cabbage loopers, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) the corn earworm and Aphis glycines the soybean aphid adults are annual migration pests. These insects have high fecundity, large adult populations, large source regions, and have adapted a life cycle to fit annual weather patterns. Dispersal must have species survival value. Noctuid adults will fly south in the fall and avoid the winter kill.