The use of insecticidal seed treatments containing neonicotinoids has become extremely widespread in field crops. Often these products are used as a default at planting, without specific reference to an insect pest problem requiring management. This talk summarizes a two-year, checkoff-funded multistate study aimed at understanding the average value and return on investment of neonicotinoid seed treatment in soybean in the North Central Region, including a comparison to the return on investment with the classic Integrated Pest Management approach of scouting and applying a foliar product at pest threshold. In summary, IPM provides both a greater probability of a positive return on investment, and a larger average return.