Row-crop agriculture is under pressure to reduce sediment and nutrient losses to surface water resources by practicing less tillage and more precise application and placement of nutrients. Field studies started in 1997 were conducted through 2002 on very low to low P-testing (3 to 5 ppm Bray P1) and medium to high-P testing (11 to 19 ppm Bray P1) sites of a Nicollet-Webster clay loam complex at Waseca, MN. Four tillage systems (chisel + field cultivate, one-pass field cultivation or disking, strip-till, and no-till were compared in a corn-soybean rotation. Fertilizer P at rates of either 40 or 50 lb P205/A was applied to corn as either a starter with the seed or as a deep-band (4 to 5 inches) below the row and was compared to 80 or 100 lb P205/A applied broadcast and a no P control. The residual effect of the P treatments was measured in the soybean phase of the rotation.